See beste in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bête"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "beste"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "roa-gal",
"word": "bestt"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "baête"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "beyte"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "beet"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "bees"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "bêst"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "beîśe"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "beest"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bichi"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "beist"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "beest"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "bies"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Beest"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bæst"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Biest"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "best"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "beist"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "beest"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "beste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "beest"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "beeste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Early Middle English"
],
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Late Middle English"
],
"word": "beaste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "beist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Promptorium Parvulorum"
],
"word": "beyst"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bēstia",
"bestia#Latin"
],
[
"bisse",
"bisse#Old_French"
],
[
"biche",
"biche#French"
],
[
"bīstia",
"bistia#Latin"
],
[
"bēstula",
"bestula#Latin"
],
[
"bēstia",
"bestia#Latin"
],
[
"bīstia",
"bistia#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "biche"
},
"expansion": "French biche",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a semi-learned term borrowed partly from Latin bēstia. Compare bisse (modern French biche), which was popularly inherited from a variant (bīstia) of the same word. An alternative hypothesis derives beste from an unattested Vulgar Latin variant form *bēsta (deduced through a supposed diminutive form bēstula), though this is unlikely as it would assume there was a second popular variant of bēstia (bīstia being well attested).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beste oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "bestes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beste",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "beste oblique singular, f (oblique plural bestes, nominative singular beste, nominative plural bestes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "fro:Animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beast, animal"
],
"id": "en-beste-fro-noun-fxlbC0ms",
"links": [
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
}
],
"word": "beste"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bête"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "beste"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "roa-gal",
"word": "bestt"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "baête"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "beyte"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "beet"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "bees"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "bêst"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "beîśe"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "beest"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bichi"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "beist"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "beest"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "bies"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Beest"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bæst"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Biest"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "best"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "beist"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "beest"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "beste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "beest"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "beeste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Early Middle English"
],
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Late Middle English"
],
"word": "beaste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "beist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baste"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baist"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "baest"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "beist"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "beast"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bast"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "best"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Promptorium Parvulorum"
],
"word": "beyst"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"bēstia",
"bestia#Latin"
],
[
"bisse",
"bisse#Old_French"
],
[
"biche",
"biche#French"
],
[
"bīstia",
"bistia#Latin"
],
[
"bēstula",
"bestula#Latin"
],
[
"bēstia",
"bestia#Latin"
],
[
"bīstia",
"bistia#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "bēstia"
},
"expansion": "Latin bēstia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "biche"
},
"expansion": "French biche",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a semi-learned term borrowed partly from Latin bēstia. Compare bisse (modern French biche), which was popularly inherited from a variant (bīstia) of the same word. An alternative hypothesis derives beste from an unattested Vulgar Latin variant form *bēsta (deduced through a supposed diminutive form bēstula), though this is unlikely as it would assume there was a second popular variant of bēstia (bīstia being well attested).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beste oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "bestes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beste",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bestes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "beste oblique singular, f (oblique plural bestes, nominative singular beste, nominative plural bestes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fro:Animals"
],
"glosses": [
"beast, animal"
],
"links": [
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
}
],
"word": "beste"
}
Download raw JSONL data for beste meaning in Old French (9.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'beste oblique singular or', originally 'beste oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"beste"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "beste",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'beste oblique singular or', originally 'beste oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"beste"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "beste",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'beste oblique singular or' in 'beste oblique singular, f (oblique plural bestes, nominative singular beste, nominative plural bestes)'",
"path": [
"beste"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "beste",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.